Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. The DD index first classifies the regimes into two types: democracies and dictatorships. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). Political participation: 2.22. Elections also support the legitimacy of a dictatorship by presenting the image of a democracy, establishing plausible deniability of its status as a dictatorship for both the populace and foreign governments. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. The territory of today's Algeria was the home of many prehistoric cultures, including Aterian and Capsian and the, Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in Southern Africa. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. [according to whom? If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. 8. Some of the most famous dictators in history include, of course, Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933-1945, Benito Mussolini, ruler of fascist Italy from 1922-1945, and Joseph Stalin,. Explore a few of the famous ones. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. People who are for dictatorship say it provides for a more stable government, helps abolish corruption, and is more efficient in emergencies. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. Those who believe that he is a dictator argue that he imprisons his opponents, removed freedom of speechthe press can only publish what he allows them toand has restructured the government to give himself more and longer-lasting power. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. Italy's Mussolini. A political rival accused Obiang of cannibalism in 2004, but no evidence to support the claim has ever surfaced. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . China - Communist Regime 4. This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. The terms "autocrat" and "autocracy" are often used interchangeably with "dictator" and "dictatorship". [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . Sudan - 1989 to 2019 - Omar al-Bashir. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[1]. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. Modern Dictatorship Countries. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. [8]:456. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. Skyline of Downtown Dubai with Burj Khalifa from a Helicopter. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. Infiltration involves disseminating individuals loyal to the dictatorship and its ideals across civil society and local community elites. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. 10. [1]:68. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. Between 1950 and 2016, one-party dictatorships made up 57% of authoritarian regimes in the world,[26] and one-party dictatorships have continued to expand more quickly than other forms of dictatorship in the latter half of the 20th century. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. 3. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. Synonyms for DICTATORSHIP: tyranny, autocracy, fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, despotism, absolutism, autarchy; Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP: democracy . [35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and . [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. Changing Human Nature Needs a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" . Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator.

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