If there are particles in the sample, the incident laser light gets scattered in all directions. par | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth Kasaai, M. R.; Arul, J.; Charlet, G. (2000). WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. By using this website, you agree to our Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The characteristic Rg/Rh value for a globular protein is ~0.775, which means that Rg is smaller than Rh. The receptor chamber was filled with PBS. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skins barrier function. 2004;25(9):155967. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. ; Hogan, M.P. Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. To overcome these limitations, microporation devices that act as therapeutic vehicles for delivering drug molecules across the skin barriers have been developed. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Citation-(RIS Colloid Polym. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2003). Similar results are obtained in references [35, 36, 37], using a system of dextran / ethylene glycol, and dextran/dimethylsulfoxide, respectively. Vemulapalli V, Bai Y, Kalluri H, Herwadkar A, Kim H, Davis SP, Friden PM, Banga AK. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect. Each microporated sample was incubated in the skin culture medium. The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. Dextran; Weissella cibaria; exopolysaccharide; prebiotic; skimmed milk. The dextran used is from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F which is essentially a linear -(1-6)-linked glucose chain with however a low percentage (2-5%) of -(1-3) branches distributed along the chain4. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. Journal of Physical Chemistry. For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. The calculated dextran molecular weights are corroborated by those tabulated data by the manufacturer with a relative error lower than 10%, being the exception dextrans 580 and 2000kDa with the highest relative error. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Changes in the Mark-Houwink hydrodynamic volume of chitosan molecules in solutions of different organic acids, at different temperatures and ionic strengths. Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria. The skin culture medium was purchased from Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. eCollection 2018 Feb. Molecules. Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). Strategies to improve the potential of transdermal devices by enhancing the skin permeation of therapeutic entities. MeSH terms Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2. ; De Jong, S.J. Journal Argentine Chemical Society 100 (2013) 25-34. Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. Huang S, Huang G. Preparation and drug delivery of dextran-drug complex. 1984;17(6):11703. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. (2004). In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. The exponent a is a function of polymer geometry, and varies from 0.5 to 2 and exponent is dimensionless. The hydrodynamic 57 radius of the dextranase is 7 These results are in agreement with a previous study which suggested that the microporation using radiofrequency causes disruption of the SC, enabling the percutaneous permeation of the FITC-dextran [21]. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Data File Dextran. Accessibility Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Progress in Biophysical Molecules Biological, 68, 207-262. ; Bos, G.W. Indo AM J Pharm. Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free (1969). Food Sci Biotechnol. If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution. This result could reflect the presence of some aggregated species within the lysozyme sample solution. On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. These studies on Mark-Houwink parameters are usually carried out at a given temperature, obtaining a consistent result but in a very limited temperature range [68]. The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. 4h after microporation, the sizes of the micropore decreased slightly. Pharmaceut Sci Tech. HSE and DK helped to porate the skin and to measure TEWL. ; Talsma, H.; Hennink, W.E. Immediately after 2, 5, and 10 times microporations, 97.1432.39, 80.5715.51, and 82.3916.49m sizes of micropores were formed on the skin, respectively. Int. II. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. ; Fran, H.P. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. FITC-dextran solution was prepared at 1mM in PBS. Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2031-2032. @ Nilimesh See attached. Crini, G. (2005). Alternatives to animal testing: a review. 56 The linkage that the enzyme dextranase breaks down is indicated by the black arrow. Bahary, W.S. ; Yevlampieva N.P. Alternatively, the value of qM-H can be calculated using numerical methods and other-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, Mz) according to where c and d are empirical polynomial functions of the exponent a. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter dh ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [ 33, 41 ]. (2003). The intrinsic viscosity can be easily calculated by the Solomon-Ciuta single-point equation [44, 45]. Masuelli, M. A. The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. (1954). Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. The genus Weissella: taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological potential. The effectiveness of the RF microporation technique in transdermal drug delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic agents such as peptides, hormones, and vaccines has been demonstrated extensively in previous studies [16,17,18]. For ellipsoids, as studied by Simha, (a/b) is a function of axial ratio. J. Braz. Effect of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity and conformation of chitosan in dilute HCl solution. American Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013, 1(3), 60-66. In this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. 2018;1:10915. Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). Table1 shows TEWL values measured immediately after the microporation of human and pig skins. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Carbohydrate Polymers 88 373-381. Armstrong, J. K.; Wenby, R. B.; Meiselman, H. J.; Fisher, T. C. (2004). Before Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. The receptor phase was collected immediately (time 0) and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h. This receptor phase solution was transferred to a 96-well plate and the skin-permeated FITC-dextran was measured using a microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Co. Ltd., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) at 405nm. Google Scholar. ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). (2003). Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. This universalization of the parameters leads to a higher error ratio in the calculation of the respective molecular weights. Charge: Anionic. (1937). Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. The Dextrans intrinsic viscosity is determined as a function of the molecular weight in water and NaOH 0.5 M see reference [1]. where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. (2003). International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 277, 99-104. Guner, Ali (1999). Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. Journal of Colloid Science, 31, 308-328. Table 1 shows some values of dextrans Mark-Houwink parameters, from literature consulted, where all data are based on the logarithmic plot of intrinsic viscosity [] and molecular weight Mw. Chem. Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of a given polymer sample is different according to the solvent used gives and insight about the general shape of polymer molecules in solution. Micropores are produced by the arrangement of microelectrodes on the skin at precise dimensions, then RF energy generated by alternating currents induces ionic vibrations between electrodes with positive or negative charges. They concluded that a power law behavior seems to be approached only in the small molecular weight region. Ind. Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. Determination of branching in biopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering (Malls), viscosity, and refractive index detection. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Kano S, Todo H, Furui K, Kenichi S, Tokudome Y, Hashimoto F, Kojima H, Sugibayashi K. Comparison of several reconstructed cultured human skin models by microscopic observation: their usefulness as an alternative membrane for skin in drug permeation experiments. The biological activity of cationic liposomes in drug delivery and toxicity test in animal models. The microporation device based on radiofrequency can be used to enhance delivery efficiency by removing the epidermis layer. (2007). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 372-378. pp13-21. Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. The Intrinsic Viscosity of Biological Macromolecules. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. This study demonstrated that hydrodynamic volume and radius of gyration of a dextran sample with M w < 20 kDa and its linear counterpart with equal M w are almost Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2591-2598. ; Rani, K.Y. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008).

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