It was, and still is, one of the most radical revolutions in French history. A second party was the Royalist democrats (monarchists) which wanted to create a system like the constitutional monarchy of Britain, where the king would still be a part of the government. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. By July, the coup was complete. He also had the power to choose ministers. The French Revolution is usually dated in three phases or sections. The Legislative Assembly had lost all its power. Prussia invaded France on 1 August, 1792. It began on 14th of June 14th 1789 when the Bastille, a symbol of the power of the French monarchy, was stormed. However, it never came into power because of the trouble between the Jacobins and Girondins. On June 20, 1789, just over a month … This party sat on the right side. The most significant innovation was ideological, making abstract rational principles the ground for revolution and radical social change. The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1794. The King was given a suspensive veto over laws, which meant he would only have the power to delay laws being made, not stop them. 136 were Girondins and Jacobins, left-wing liberal republicans who did not want a king. The French Revolution: Storming the Bastille . The French Revolution was a revolution in France from 1789 to 1799. Several factors, such as the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution. The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1794. According to "The DK History of the World," the revolution began in 1789 and was "a deep-rooted revolt by many classes against the whole order of society." The war lasted until 1796. A vocabulary list featuring The French Revolution. The efforts made by Calonne’s successors to enforce fiscal reforms in spite of resistance by the privileged classes led to the so-called revolt of the “aristocratic bodies,” notably that of the parlements (the most important courts of justice), whose powers were curtailed by the edict of May 1788. Though initially it suffered various reverses, France, under the leadership of Napoleon B… Bread was very expensive and many people wanted things to change. The result of the French Revolution was the end of the monarchy. The French Revolutionbegan in 1789, and went on until the late 1790s. Counterrevolution, regicide, and the Reign of Terror, The Directory and revolutionary expansion, https://www.britannica.com/event/French-Revolution, U.S. Department of State - Office of the Historian - The United States and the French Revolution, French Revolution - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), French Revolution - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Marie-Thérèse-Louise de Savoie-Carignan, princess de Lamballe, Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand, prince de Bénévent, The growing popularity of the works of a number of intellectuals who argued for social reform, Crop failures in 1788 compounded existing economic restlessness, French participation in the American Revolution that drove the government to the brink of bankruptcy, Resentment among the bourgeoisie about being excluded from political power, The French monarchy, no longer seen as divinely ordained, was unable to adapt to the political and societal pressures being exerted on it, Widespread inequality between the rich and poor classes alongside growing dissatisfaction with the antiquated feudal system among the poor, Establishment of civil equality in the country (but not in the French colonies) and radical social change, The Reign of Terror, during which the Revolutionary government arrested 300,000 suspects, resulting in at least 25,000 deaths, The abolition of the monarchy and the deaths of King Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette, Wars with a number of other countries, including Austria, Prussia, and Great Britain. Jacques Necker, portrait by Augustin de Saint-Aubin after a painting by Joseph-Sifford Duplessis. Social Cause 3. The three main causes of French revolution are as follows: 1. The Second Estate was the Nobles, which also made up 1% of the population. It ended with the deposition of the French Directory on Nov. 9, 1799. King Louis XVI was executed in 1793. This vocabulary list covers the overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of a republic, the Reign of Terror, the coup d'etat of Napoleon Bonaparte, and more. Updated March 01, 2018 Almost all historians agree that the French Revolution, that great maelstrom of ideas, politics, and violence, started in 1789 when a gathering of the Estates-General turned into a dissolving of the social order and the creation of a new representative body. But the revolution wasn’t all positive. The king would have to take an oath to the state. The Jacobins had taken power. King Louis XVI of France yielded to the idea of a new constitution and to the sovereignty of the people but at the same time sent emissaries to the rulers of neighbouring countries seeking their help in restoring his power. Mirabeau had been against this law, but he died on 2 April, and by the end of the year, the law was passed. In January 1793, the National Convention voted and found Louis XVI guilty of “conspiracy against the public liberty and the general safety.” On the twenty-first of January, the King was executed using the guillotine. The upper house, the senate, had 250 members and was called the Conseil des Anciens (Council of Elders). General Bouille held the same views and wanted to help the king leave Paris. King Louis XVI needed more money, but had failed to raise more taxes when he had called a meeting of the Estates General. On 10 August 1792, the members of a revolutionary group called the Paris Commune attacked the Tuileries, where the King and Queen were living. Century old systems such as an absolute monarchy were removed, and it was the first step on the road to democracy. This, together with other factors, had led to an increase in the population of Europe unprecedented for several centuries: it doubled between 1715 and 1800. King Louis XVI was executed in 1793. The first of the general causes was the social structure of the West. The National Assembly began to decide how it would be under the new constitution. The Assembly imprisoned Louis and his wife Marie Antoinette, and suspended the king from his duty. The revolutionary process started with open rebellion in the summer of 1789 — including the storming of the Bastille on July 14. The Legislative Assembly held an emergency meeting. They were immediately divided over a fundamental issue: should they vote by head, giving the advantage to the Third Estate, or by estate, in which case the two privileged orders of the realm might outvote the third? In the years between 1789 until 1799, France experienced the most violent political turmoil, overthrowing the monarchy of Louis XVI and establishing the French republic, only to end in the dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte, who was involved in the later years of the revolution. 260 of them were “Feuillants”, or Constitutional Monarchists. The members of the Third Estate (The commoners) were angry that they were being taxed the most when they were the poorest group of people. The result of the French Revolution was the end of the monarchy. Many problems in France led up to the Revolution: Before the Revolution, France was divided into three Estates. It is possible that up to 40,000 people died in prison or were killed during the Reign of Terror. By 7 September, 1,400 people were dead. They used the ongoing war and the army to keep their power. They planned to invade the Austrian Netherlands, but the revolution had made the army weak. Furthermore, from about 1730, higher standards of living had reduced the mortality rate among adults considerably. In October 1789, after being attacked at the Palace of Versailles by a mob of 7,000 women, the King was convinced by Lafayette to move from Paris to the palace in Tuileries. The impoverished were infuriated by their economic hardships, food shortages, and the callous attitudes of the upper classes. The French Revolution was a major event in the history of Western societies, and has had a profound effect on the world today. This revolution is known also as the Revolution of 1789, the year when it reached its first climax. It was decided that the members would keep working until they had a constitution. However, the members of the Third Estate were angry. Hence the conventional term "1789 Revolution", which denotes the end of the Old Regime in France and also serves to distinguish that event from the later French revolutions of 1830 and 1848. Under the Constitution of 1791, France was a Constitutional Monarchy. The French Revolution changed everything. Calonne, detail of an engraving by Brea, 18th century, after a portrait by Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun. Omissions? The third party was the National Party which was centre or centre-left. A political turning point took place in France from 1789 to the late 1790s. Marie Antoinette, the Queen, was also executed on the sixteenth of October. Following the overthrow of King Louis Philippe in February 1848, the elected government of the Second Republic ruled France. Robespierre believed that if people were afraid, the revolution would go better. On 4 August, the National Assembly ended the special taxes the Church was collecting, and put a stop to the rights of the Nobility over their people, ending feudalism. There were many reasons. Readers searching for a timeline with greater detail are advised to look at Colin Jones' "The Longman Companion to the French Revolution" which contains one … The Legislative Assembly had about 745 members. In July 1789, after the National Assembly was formed, the nobility and the king was angry with Jacques Necker, the Director-General of Finances, and they fired him. 5.2-5.3: The Rise of Britain After the 7 years war, Britain emerged as the most powerful country in the European empire. It was the first one that did not include the king and gave every man in France a vote. It proceeded in a back-and-forth process between revolutionary and reactionary forces. The president of the National Assembly at the time of the Tennis Court Oath, Jean-Sylvain Bailly, became mayor of the city. This is the story of one of the crucial points in the history of France, and Europe, divided into two parts. 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