Dedicated to the forums’ architectural decoration, the museum addresses their structural aspects to once again give us a ‘final’ view of the original buildings. Exhibits are completed with ‘colour’ which is not only applied on the plaster mouldings but also on modern marble surfaces through the use of dyes. Built on a quadrangular design and on a north west–south east axis, it was bounded by high brick walls made of blocks of Peperino (lapis albanus), a grey /brown stone of volcanic origin, and its monumental entrance on the north western side, facing the Forum of Augustus was adorned with massive columns, 1.30 in diameter, made in African marble. The multimedia room in the Museum of the Imperial Fora provides the public with the opportunity to follow the historical vicissitudes of the monumental Trajan’s Markets complex, as well as the recovery work carried out during excavations between 1926-1934 and the works only recently completed to restore and valorize pieces found in the Fora. The lower part, starting from the level of the forum, includes the buildings of the “Great Hemicycle”, articulated on three floors and with two “Headrooms” at the ends, and of the “Small Hemicycle”, with rooms again on three floors. The architectural elements of the decorative details inside the cella in the Temple of Mars Ultor (aka Mars the Avenger) were visible for a long time and were sketched and painted by countless Renaissance artists and architects, some of whom also attempted to do a graphic recreation of how they must have looked in Ancient Times. The Pantheon. Other factors were the height of the rooms, as it was important to recreate a sense of how the different spaces in the complex related to each other, and a desire to draw attention to both the decorative elements and the symbolism or “figurative plan” that had been adopted as a tool to communicate with the ordinary people of the time, and to see how these elements impinged on the construction method. The… On the top floor two sections are devoted respectively to the Forum of Caesar (areas toward the Via Biberatica) and to the ‘Memory of the Ancient’. Now, with the completion of recent restorations, we too have crafted out a functions for it and so The Markets of Trajan have begun a new “season” of life. They represent an area that has experienced the evolution of the city from the imperial age to today; an area that has been constantly recycled and transformed. This is the typical form of commercial environments (tabernae), normally present on the ground floor of the Roman islands: it is these environments that at the time of the discovery suggested a commercial function for the complex and led to attribute it the modern name of “Markets” of Trajan. The Forum of Nerva was built in the narrow space between the Forum of Caesar, the Forum of Augustus and the Temple of Peace, on a section of the Argiletum, the ancient road through the neighborhood it was named after and that linked the Roman Forum to the Subura district. The attic above the columns is embellished with decorative Caryatids, whose elegant hairstyles support a headband carved from the same block, above which is a Doric capital with echinus, embellished with a typical Ionic kyma. ), giving a particularly organic and coordinated arrangement to a complex built in such complex soil conditions. "From Forum Of Trajan ; From Villa Medici." The head had been sculpted out of an earlier piece which is no longer identifiable, as the only part of the original head that is just about recognizable, despite having been re-worked, is what is obviously a receding hairline and traces of a diadem, proving that the head portrayed someone of Imperial rank. The sculptural-architectural decoration of the Fora provide the main focus of the Museum, but it also sets out to explore the way in which they were built and to provide an image of how the buildings looked when completed. It was a masterpiece of marble and gilded bronze that was one of Rome’s most splendid architectural creations, as noted by Constantius II during his sole visit to Rome in 357 (Ammianus History, 16.10.15-16). This decorative party, always visible and designed by numerous Renaissance artists, is made with specially shaped bricks (which are also found in string courses in other particularly well-kept parts of the complex). Column of Trajan (as seen through the ruins of the Basilica Ulpia in the Forum of Trajan), Carrara marble, completed 113 C.E., Rome, dedicated to Emperor Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus b. Throughout the complex, the rooms were mainly covered by masonry vaults, from the simpler forms of the barrel vaults, to the half-domes that cover the larger rooms, to the complex covering system of the “Great hall”, with six cross vaults resting on enlarged pillars with travertine shelves and flanked on the upper floor by rooms that contained the lateral thrusts, connected to the structure of the vault by arches that allowed passage in the corridor in front. - [Steven] Trajan's Forum is almost the size of all of the Imperial Fora put together. Some 52 pieces in the very hard red Porphyry marble were found during excavations. Built by the emperor Trajan with the spoils of war from the conquest of Dacia, and inaugurated in 112, the forum was arranged parallel to the Forum of Caesar and perpendicular to that of Augustus. Design | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Contact Us. A section dedicated to the architectural decoration of porticos (covered walkways), exedras (semi-circular recesses) and the Room of the Colossus in the Forum of Augustus. Commissioned by the emperor Trajan and designed by Apollodorus of Damascus, it measures approximately 920 by 620 feet (about 280 by 190 m) and covers about 25 acres (10 ha). The identification of new contexts and the definition of architectural orders, and hence the appearance of forum complexes, have formed the basis of study for The Museum of the Imperial Forums project. Using an architectural model of what was to be built was an integral part of the original design process. Trajan’s Markets Museo dei Fori Imperiali is part of the Municipal Museums system, the civic museums of Roma Capitale. o Called the Basilica Ulpia because that is Trajan's family name- The free standing and other art that would have been scattering the forum depict the power of the emperors, politicians and military leaders of ancient Romeo Throughout the forum, there were sculptures of captured Dacians In the recesses between the Caryatids, quadrangular panels feature round shields bearing an assortment of motifs set in convex frames whilst at the centre, there are heads of Jupiter each with different features. The courts which previously had been housed in the Roman Forum had been moved to the Forum of Caesar and then chiefly to the Forum of Augustus. They represent an area that has experienced the evolution of the city from the imperial age to today; an area that has been constantly recycled and transformed. Exhibition The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library. It is possible to see an interior of Basilica Ulpia, Libraries and Temple of Trajan. Introduction to Trajan’s Forum Other articles where Trajan’s Forum is discussed: forum: …is to this proportion that Trajan’s Forum in Rome was erected early in the 2nd century ad. 53 , d. 117 C.E.) Physically reconstruct the decorative motifs of which they were part of, addressing when required even very demanding works in terms of material used. MLA Format. The commercial function, in the past attributed to the complex, had been correlated with Trajan’s concerns about the precarious annonary situation of the city: the so-called Trajan’s Markets had been interpreted as the end point of a gigantic supply system in the capital, which was also insured with the construction of the port of Traiano in Fiumicino. Construction began in 107 AD, requiring considerable excavations and urban planning. The Museum has reproduced the Forum’s northern archaeological access; consequently you are expected to commence tours of the forum area from the ground floor of the Great Hall, in which there is an appropriately positioned multimedia display. Traces of it are found in Hellenistic architecture (Palazzo delle Colonne di Tolemaide in Cirenaica) and in some second style paintings. They were designed for the administrative needed of the forum and not, as past archaeological literature would have us believe, as a “shopping centre”. Originally from a labrum (a large receptacle used as a bath), they had been deliberately broken during the late Middle Ages so that they could be used in the building of a wall. Upstream of the road, the “Central body” rises, with tabernae at street level and three other floors of internal environments, some particularly well-kept and elaborate. They allow to represent the appearance of the forensic complexes as a whole and in different historical phases, or the original aspect of the individual decorative parties. Built by the Emperor Trajan, the markets were a commercial center of about 150 shops and offices, set into the side of the Quirinal Hill and completing Trajan's Forum, which it overlooked. Markets of Trajan Commentary. The Buliding Section of the Temple of Peace The integrated communication system Trajan’s Column, monument that was erected in 106–113 ce by the Roman emperor Trajan and survives intact in the ruins of Trajan’s Forum in Rome. The Markets of Trajan are an archaeological complex of uniqueness in Rome, perhaps even worldwide. Inaugurated in autumn 2007, it aims to illustrate the ancient architecture of the Imperial Forums and their architectural and sculptural decoration. The markets once the strategic administrative centre of the Imperial Forums, successively became a noble residence, a military fortress, a prestigious convent and a barracks… a continuous evolution. The later is a theme that addresses sculptures and architectural elements relevant to the Temple of Mars Ultor, a temple which has been documented and copied from the 15th century onwards. The buildings are separated from each other by an ancient route which in late age took the name of via Biberatica, which runs halfway up the hillside. The recompositions of some scores of the ancient buildings are presented, made with original fragments, casts and modular integrations in stone, according to the museological choice of reversibility, which have the aim of restoring the perception of their original three-dimensionality to the visitor and of appreciating the richness of figurative programs, tools of imperial propaganda. Trajan’s Forum. Ancient sources mean that we have always known of the existence of the Templum Pacis, and its name underlines the differences in the design and layout of the complex in comparison to other Imperial fora and reinforces its sacred nature. The room in the museum that serves as an introduction to Trajan’s Forum is home to the headless statue of a man wearing body armour – in other words, a man in military attire complete with body armour, (called lorica) – made out of a particularly precious white marble from the Greek island of Thassos. Today Trajan’s Column is the most prominent structure in Trajan’s Forum. This sculpted head of the Emperor Constantine was in fact only discovered in July 2005 during excavations not far from the most southern area of Trajan’s Market, inside an ancient sewage pipe. Back in the 16th century, there was probably more of the architecture and various components of the Forum of Augustus to see than there is today. The fundamental principle of the museological intervention is however that of the full reversibility of the layout, which also allows to complete the recompositions with any new fragments that may emerge following the continuation of the excavations and archaeological studies, with the aim of reconstituting the visual unity of materials. Displays have the objective of giving continuity to the architectural reasoning of the original works through the reassembly of original fragments and the study of additional artificial elements to thus evoke the real spatial relationships they embodied within the extraordinary architecture of the Markets of Trajan. The fundamental principle of the museographic intervention is that of the full reversibility of the installation. The excavations carried out at different times during the 20th century, and to mark the most recent Jubilee however, provided new informations that have proved some of their ideas were completely wrong. The temple was built, starting in 121 AD, by Hadrian and dedicated to his predecessor Trajan and his wife Plotina.. Route through the rooms It has gone through architectural changes and the signs of the various “hands” from these different eras are all still visible. This articulation allows you to pass, with a wide breath, from the curvilinear arrangement of the exedra behind the porticoes of the Trajan’s Forum, to the rectilinear arrangement of the surrounding urban fabric. The Markets of Trajan are an archaeological complex of uniqueness in Rome, perhaps even worldwide. The exhibit is in a space that is in direct contact with the remains of the building to which it once belonged – the two lateral frontal halls of the Great Hemicycle. Another female figure, identified as “Province” was also originally located in the attic above the portico, but has now been reconstructed and is display in one of the rooms in the Museum along with other decorative architectural pieces too. A truly exceptional discovery is displayed in the first room of the Museum of the Imperial Fora which serves as an introduction to the entire Fora complex. The section of the Museum dedicated to the Forum of Trajan is found in the lower section of the Markets of Trajan. Forum of Trajan (model), shows the Basilica Ulpia, 2 libraries (one Greek and the other Latin), the Column of Trajan, and the Temple of the Divine Trajan … Pieces from statue plinths with inscriptions in Greek and a bronze head of the Greek philosopher Chrysippos can also be seen. With the dedication of the Forum of Trajan in 112, the number of inscriptions found in the Forum of Augustus decline, which suggests that many of its functions were transferred to the new venue, although Hadrian made some repairs. Entry to the forum square was from the south, by way of a triumphal arch surmounted by a statue of Trajan riding in a triumphal chariot. All Rights Reserved. “Memories of the Ancient Past” Section The markets once the strategic administrative centre of the Imperial Forums, successively became a noble residence, a military fortress, a prestigious convent and a barracks… a continuous evolution. Since 1985 over 40,000 fragments originating from the forum area have been catalogued and documented from deposits created after excavations carried out in the 20th century. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. The educational and cultural use … The rooms in the upper part of the Trajan’s Markets, which house the museum, underwent important structural and conservative restorations in the years 2005 – 2007. On the upper level of the “Great Hall” are the sections of the museum dedicated to the Forum of Caesar and to the temple of Mars Ultor in the Forum of Augustus (“Memory of the ancient”). The model is as much as possible detailed. All this has triggered a process of loyalty from the public that we want to maintain and increase. The dates of the brick stamps seem to indicate that the construction dates back mostly to the reign of Trajan and is perhaps attributable to its architect, Apollodorus of Damascus, although it is possible that the project had already been conceived under Domitian, to whose era it could be attributed at least the start of the excavation works. The exhibition itinerary begins in the “Great Hall” with the introduction to the area of the Imperial Forums, each of which is represented by a particularly significant piece. The Forum of Trajan was dedicated in January 112. MLA Format. Over the last 20 years, works carried out in the deposits of the forums and markets have focussed on the treatment and restoration of these fragments. The Museum This forum was built on the order of the emperor Trajan with the spoils of war from the conquest of Dacia, which ended in 106. It came to light during the 1928-1934 excavations of the exedra on the eastern portico and was almost certainly one of its decorative elements. It was this detailed gathering of data which made it possible to identify the most significant pieces for the reconstruction of ancient buildings and their decorative details. - [Beth] It was incredibly extravagant. It features a female figure with helmet and shield, traditionally attributed to Minerva, the Goddess to whom Domitian dedicated the entire iconography of the Forum. Trajan’s Markets Museum help the visitor to take in the complexity of ancient sites, their systems and their “technology” hence it was also fundamental to a reconstruct real environment to describe the activities that took place in the forums. CONTENT- Basicila Ulpiao The Basicila laid the foundation for the modern cruciform church. The Forum of Trajan was designed by the architect, Apollodorus of Damascus, after being commissioned by Emperor Trajan (98-117AD) after his conquest of Dacia in 106 AD. When possible the approach to reassembling original fragments has carefully avoided the introduction of pins. However, they have also focussed on making an inventory of all the fragments using photographic documentation. What makes it so significant is the way others referred to what he had done in lengthy written essays in which they sometimes introduced new elements that were the fruit of their own imaginations, or as in the case of Andrea Palladio, had a series of extremely interesting comments to make. struction of Trajan's Markets, which were also part of the same building project. Persons entered through… The monument was supposed to constitute a sort of “multifunctional center”, where public activities were carried out mainly of an administrative type. The piazza is closed, with the Basilica Ulpia. Two other statues were found in the same area; one of a figure wearing a toga and another that was sitting down. The column depicts scenes and stories of Trajan conquering the barbarians. These must have been created as variations of the scene, and in some cases, their size was slightly altered in order to better suit their location. The raised porticoes on the other three sides were characterized by their pink granite columns with Corinthian capitals in white marble, and the one at the rear opened up into an exedra-like room dedicated to peace with other rooms on either side. This area, which lies under the so-called Exedra Arborea Garden, was covered by ground works in reinforced cement in the 1930’s but as a result of the damage suffered from over 70 years of use, a radical reorganisation and restoration project was required. Both monumental and functional, it is typical of ancient Roman architecture. The complex was built at the same time as the Trajan’s Forum, at the beginning of the second century, to occupy and support the cutting of the slopes of the Quirinale hill, and is separated from the Forum by a paved road. Thought to be the world’s oldest shopping mall, the arcades in Trajan’s Market are now believed by many to be administrative offices for Emperor Trajan. History The reconstruction of the attic from one of the porticoes in the Forum of Augustus was achieved by piecing together several original pieces in Luna marble integrated with resin moulds and other pieces made of limestone. On the sides of this southern stretch of the street there is on one side a block with poorly preserved rooms and partially remodeled in later periods; on the opposite side overlooks the upper floor of a further block that divides it from another ancient path, coming directly from the plane of the forum and which is connected by stairs with the via della Salita del Grillo. Research for this section comes from “Trajan’s Glorious Forum” by James Packer. It is an access point to the ancient as well as the modern city. Functions The sophisticated decoration of the body armour, with griffins on either side of a stem emerging from an Acanthus plant, echoes a motif that is widely present in the friezes found throughout the complex. Trajan's Column was erected and then inaugurated in 113. The Procurator Fori Divi Traiani, cited in an inscription recently found, and probably responsible for the administration and management of the monumental complex, was to be located in the “Central Body” rooms. We have involved the visitor in a fascinating and intriguing journey through the intricate architecture of the structures internal spaces and the scenic “views” of the city outside. For this purpose, a “mixed technique” was used, an assembly system that makes use of all the communicative potential of the image: from direct shooting, to vintage photos, to archaeological reconstructions made in watercolor and also to 3D and more advanced technologies for image processing. Caesar’s Forum was a rectangle paved in travertine slabs, flanked by porticoes with two naves. The same multimedia element has been included in several halls dedicated to specific forums, each symbolised by a significant main display piece. The distribution of the rooms, their connections and the articulation of the internal paths had to depend on the different functions of the rooms, such as offices or archives, in close connection with the forensic complex. The square was flanked on both sides by long deep porticoes in which the column shafts were made of ancient yellow marble. Realization of the recompositions Inaugurated in the 2 BC, the Forum of Augustus consists of a rectangular square paved with white marble slabs, dominated, at its lower end, by the temple dedicated to Mars Ultor, also built in white marble from the quarry in Luni today known as Carrara. From the central section of the via Biberatica a staircase allows access to the “via della Torre” and the “Giardino delle Milizie”, recently restored, behind the central body, with other Roman structures on which the Torre delle Militias, 13th century. The Forum of Trajan is an ancient monument in Rome. Introduction to the Imperial Fora In 107 A.D. Dacia finally becomes a Roman province, and Trajan uses the spoils of his victories to fund the building of his forum, and his column. Half showed a frontal view whilst the other half was a section revealing what could be seen inside, which means both the exterior and interior orders could be seen along with the decorative elements – of which the capital and column base have been documented – inside the cella. Trajan’s Markets Museum of the Imperial Forums, Rome, Italy. The open spaces on the external or internal paths had a “modular” structure: covered with barrel vaults, they were equipped with a large door with threshold, architrave and travertine jambs, topped by a small square window that could give light to a mezzanine wooden interior. Trajan's Column, built by the architect Apollodorus of Damascus (60-129 (?) The museum will be completed with the section on. The main square of the forum was once a vast space, screened by architecture on all sides and paved in white marble. They too were headless and all three were made of the same type of marble. Elaborate graphics Multimedia Room Nevertheless, the pavement itself was repaired with other materials, signaling that the square itself still … The realization of the museum layout, precisely for its technical characteristics, could not be separated from the production of numerous graphic reconstructions, made on the basis of the results obtained from the most recent studies, and differentiated according to the content to be communicated. Section of Caesar’s Forum The Forum of Trajan. The Caryatids appear to be holding up the coping with a baccellatura motif. It was designed by Appollodorus of Damascas, and it dates from the early part of the first century AD. The ground level shallow alcoves opened onto a street and were used for small shops whilst there were more shops in the arcades above. In this case, the sculpted head is part of a statue of a man that has been re-worked to portray Constantine and which was found during the excavations of Trajan’s Forum in 2005. 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