What is the scientific name for Earth? ) The Earths equatorial radius to meter (m) conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. Therefore, the Earth radius isn't constant, but it can be calculated for every location. The space station is 356 feet (109 meters) end-to-end, one yard shy of the full length of an American football field including the end . All other parallels of latitude are small circles, each having a radius smaller than that of the earth, i.e. The expedition found that Newton's conjecture was correct:[30] the Earth is flattened at the poles due to rotation's centrifugal force. Hence, the Earth deviates from a perfect sphere by only a third of a percent, which supports the spherical model in most contexts and justifies the term "radius of the Earth". Compute the circumference of the Earth using the distance and angle measurements you have. to the plane tangent at which differs from the exact result by less than 1m (4105in); the mean of the two axes. Drive one of the meter sticks into the ground in your location in a sunny spot. According to the law of gravitation, the gravitational force F of the earth acting on a body is given by: Mass of the Earth Formula =6 1024 kg Mass of earth in kg [2] All three values are about 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi). This section describes the common ways. Though he did not have instant communications as we do now, he was able to determine the angle of the suns rays in Alexandria at the same time, which was about 7.2 degrees. Likewise for surface area, either based on a map projection or a geodesic polygon. Earth, on the other hand, isn't quite a sphere. For the WGS84 ellipsoid, that's respectively: Earth's circumference equals the perimeter length. A The radius of the earth is the straight distance from the earth's center to a point on its surface. Measuring the Circumference of the Earth. close. stands for the radius of the Earth. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, where he conducted research on particle physics and cosmology. However, Earth is not quite a sphere. His highly influential work, the Almagest,[26] left no doubt among medieval scholars that Earth is spherical, but they were wrong about its size. det Area of sphere= 4pier 2. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The radius of the earth is 6371 km. d A few definitions yield values outside the range between polar radius and equatorial radius because they include local or geoidal topography or because they depend on abstract geometrical considerations. George Jackson is the founder and lead contributor of Physics Network, a popular blog dedicated to exploring the fascinating world of physics. Using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, this gives, Another spherical model is defined by the Earth's volumetric radius, which is the radius of a sphere of volume equal to the ellipsoid. See the formula used in an example where we are given the diameter of the sphere. [2] Make sure both sticks are perpendicular to the Earth and that the same length of stick protrudes from the ground. [27] However, the 1492 enactment of that voyage brought his fleet to the Americas. Record the measurements. = 371 106 m), the bottom unit of length within the Worldwide System of Units (SI). What is the number in scientific notation? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid, the radius ranges from a maximum of nearly 6,378km (3,963mi) (equatorial radius, denoted a) to a minimum of nearly 6,357km (3,950mi) (polar radius, denoted b). , and because e A body on the surface of a planet with the same radius as Earth's weighs 10 times more than it does on Earth. In 1993 the WGS84 governing committee voted, with one exception, to retain the 1984 defining values, despite improvements to those defining values. You have to use the distance from the center of the Earth, not the distance above Earth's surface, as the radius. The winners are: Princetons Nima Arkani-Hamed, Juan Maldacena, Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten. Instant free online tool for Earths equatorial radius to meter conversion or vice versa. The average light travel time to the earth is 8.3 minutes. Now we know 2 things- 1. Then convert km - m. 1 km = 1000 m. 12 756 km = ? High School Students Measure New Value for Earths Radius to Celebrate World Physics Year. He observed lunar eclipses and noticed that only a round sphere could imply a circular shadow. Technology similar to the instruments that are used to survey Earth can also be found all across the solar system. also corresponds to the radius of (global) mean curvature, obtained by averaging the Gaussian curvature, The equatorial circumference is simply the circle perimeter: Ce=2a, in terms of the equatorial radius, a. [ z NASA Telescope Takes 12-Year Time-Lapse Movie of Entire Sky. = 3 Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. A partial surface of an ellipsoid gets fitted to the region, in which case the center and orientation of the ellipsoid generally do not coincide with the earth's center of mass or axis of rotation. At what distance above the surface of earth, the gravitational force will be reduced by 10%, if the radius of earth is 6370 Km. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. By 1490, Christopher Colombus believed that traveling 3,000 miles west from the west coast of the Iberian peninsula would let him reach the eastern coasts of Asia. Most experts think planet Earth can support about 10 billion people, and that when our population reaches that number, it will start to decline. The extrema geocentric radii on the ellipsoid coincide with the equatorial and polar radii. (a) Local topography increases the variance, resulting in a surface of profound complexity. How cold is it on moon? New Arrivals Expand Space Stations Crew to 6. r When he's not busy exploring the mysteries of the universe, George enjoys hiking and spending time with his family. Eratosthenes methods result in a formula that would look like this: 39,350 = 2 x 3.14 x r, or 6,267 kilometers. A Start your trial now! The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earthis represented by the letter g. (The notation is defined such that it can be easily generalized for other planets; e.g., The physical radius, the distance from the center of the earth to the ellipsoid is the least used. {\displaystyle w^{2}=\lambda ,}. is the unit normal to the surface at Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. Therefore, the difference was 7.2 degrees. Where R is the radius of the Earth. r . The meridional mean is well approximated by the semicubic mean of the two axes,[citation needed]. Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well. Therefore, if the earth is taken to be a two dimensional object, its perimeter would be equal to the. For example, if you stand at a point on the earth and move around the earth in a straight path, and reach the same point again, then the distance covered by you is the circumference of the earth. [22] For both Aristotle and Eratosthenes, uncertainty in the accuracy of their estimates is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion length they meant. Copyright 2022 - Science-Atlas.com. [ This is the outside layer of the earth and is made of solid rock, mostly basalt and granite. This table summarizes the accepted values of the Earth's radius. So, radius of nth orbit is rn=rn2, as Z=1 for H atom. cos The circumference of the world may be the distance measured around it. {\displaystyle n={\frac {N}{|N|}}} The value for the polar radius in this section has been rounded to the nearest 0.1m, which is expected to be adequate for most uses. The Bohr model of the atom predicted the radius of the lowest-energy electron orbit. How did Aristotle know the earth was round? Created by Sal Khan and Monterey Institute for Technology and Education. A) 4.5 x 10-7 B) 4.5 x 107 C) 45 x 10-6 D) 45 x 106 You need to solve physics problems. 1 The distance between locations are also part of the total circumference of the Earth. Added 2022-02-06 15:04:59 subject Physics by rsa072001. (e) For that Earth 1/q 289, that is near to the measured inverse flattening 1/f 298. How do you express the earths diameter in scientific notation? By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. For a perfect sphere without any mountains, the distance d from a transmitting antenna to the horizon or the line of sight, or radio horizon, can be calculated from the Pythagorean theorem (see the picture above):. Radius of sun is 695 500 km, so in meters you multiply by 1000. Required fields are marked *. While specific values differ, the concepts in this article generalize to any major planet. MITs Alan , In 2020, as a response to the disruption caused by COVID-19, the College Board modified the AP exams so they were shorter, administered online, covered less material, and had a different format than previous tests. That's almost 32 Earths. What is the formula to find radius of Earth? Radius refers to a line that connects to the centre point of a circle to any point on its outside layer. How far is the center of the Earth in KM? = Measure the angle of the shadow of your meter stick when the sun is overhead and the shadow is smallest, often known as local noon (when the sun is exactly north-south in the sky at its highest point). When we rearrange the equation and plug all the numbers in, we find that the mass of the Earth is 5.96 1024 kg. . Since the earth's surface is 6.37 x 10 6 m from its center (that's the radius of the earth), the satellite must be a height of. r [d] It is also common to refer to any mean radius of a spherical model as "the radius of the earth". r Here x is the circumference of the earth. Measured around the Equator, it is 40,075.017 km (24,901.461 mi). Our descriptions of Earth's surface must be simpler than reality in order to be tractable. Use a scientific calculator. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. r . The circumference of the Earth can be calculated using the formula, Circumference = 2 R or D, where R is the radius of Earth and D is the diameter. Have your partner do the same in her location at the exact same time. \text{Circumference} = 39,350 \text{\ kilometers}. , In astronomy, the International Astronomical Union denotes the nominal equatorial Earth radius as Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. George has always been passionate about physics and its ability to explain the fundamental workings of the universe. R = 6371 km is the mean Earth radius.. Its SIunit is m/s2. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Chapter P, Problem 13E is solved. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. The average radius of the earth is 6.38x106 meters. N This video will show you how Eratosthenes calculated the circumference and radius of the Earth in 240 BC!! Furthermore, the bulge in the equator shows slow variations. [1]:4 6.371 10 6 m . As an example, we will use Eratosthenes situation. Calculating Earths Volume Averaging these two numbers yields a mean radius of 6,371.0 kilometers (3,958.7 miles), which in turn yields an approximate value for the volume of the Earth of 1.08 quadrillion cubic kilometers (259 trillion cubic miles). {\displaystyle r} Answer (1 of 3): First of all let us consider the shape of the earth to be a sphere. Earth's rotation, internal density variations, and external tidal forces cause its shape to deviate systematically from a perfect sphere. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earth's surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. It is with the values I gave you. 3.2.2.2Non-directional 4Global radii 4.1Nominal radius 4.2Arithmetic mean radius 4.3Authalic radius 4.4Volumetric radius 4.5Rectifying radius 5Topographical radii 5.1Topographical extremes 5.2Topographical global mean 6Derived quantities: diameter, circumference, arc-length, area, volume 7Published values 8History 9See also 10Notes 11References Please enter the latitude in decimal degrees, here you can convert coordinates. The distance between Syene and Alexandria is 787 kilometers. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. 1. Since Earth is roughly spherical, calculating its volume is relatively simple. Last edited on 10 February 2023, at 21:43, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes, Satellites Reveal A Mystery Of Large Change In Earth's Gravity Field, NASA's Grace Finds Greenland Melting Faster, 'Sees' Sumatra Quake, "Discover-TheWorld.com Guam POINTS OF INTEREST Don't Miss Mariana Trench", "Mean radius, mass, and inertia for reference Earth models", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earth_radius&oldid=1138658294, WGS-84 ellipsoid, polar radius of curvature (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Mean radius of semi-axes (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Radius of Sphere of Equal Area (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Radius of Sphere of Equal Volume (, meridional radius of curvature at the equator, This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 21:43. Andrew Blum gives some tips that could students in the high-school class in Clinton, Mississippi because they focus on the Eratosthenes project. , which is defined to be 6,378.1km (3,963.2mi). f Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. At the equator, the radius of Earth is 3963 miles (Diameter = 7926 miles). This calculated value became a defining value in 1993. 1o = 180 radian. The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = 4/3 r. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The radius of Earth is 6370000 m. Express this measurement in km in scientific notation with the correct number of significant digits. , The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. When considering the Earth's real surface, on the other hand, it is uncommon to refer to a "radius", since there is generally no practical need. The geoid height variation is under 110m (360ft) on Earth. In late August of 2003, Mars was at its closest point to Earth in about 60,000 years! If we were to plot this it would show (setting, G = M = m = R = 1, and including force direction): A simple spring oscillator To understand what this means we'll look at a simple spring oscillator. h is the transmitting antenna height above the ground,. where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r , 4.23 x 10 7 m - 6.37 x 10 6 m . | Eratosthenes, the ancient Greek scholar is called the father of geography. Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion TableEarths Equatorial RadiusMeter (m)0. {\displaystyle r+dr} {\displaystyle R_{2}} For information on the Earth, see the Earth Fact Sheet. By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. Q4. The circumference of the world measured round the Equatoris approximtely 24,887. Example 2. Physics, 22. The total mass of all the asteroids combined is less than that of Earth's Moon. Explore Asteroids In Depth Key Science Targets [Mass of the earth is 6 x 1024 kg and radius of the earth is 6.4 x 106 m]. With Your email address will not be published. Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate.