Dismounted ground exfiltration is preferred when areas along the route are largely uninhabited, when enemy forces are widely dispersed or under such pressure that they cannot conduct counterreconnaissance and security operations, or when terrain is sufficiently restricted to degrade enemy efforts to use mobile forces against the exfiltrating reconnaissance unit. Figure 3-3. In addition, digital communications are to be maintained between the dismounted and vehicular elements. (6) Herringbone Formation. Small clearings may require crossing in the same manner as a large open area. During mounted and dismounted movement, the platoon employs combat formations when the terrain supports their use or when the mission or reconnaissance objective is very focused. This COA is appropriate when the reconnaissance platoon discovers enemy elements his higher commander wants to destroy but which it cannot destroy either because it lacks sufficient combat power or because it has other tasks to perform. When the entire platoon or section has moved back to the rally point, it consolidates and reorganizes, reports its status to the higher headquarters, and continues the mission. NO CHANGE B. devastating to feet! When engagement is complete and the enemy is destroyed, the COA is obvious: the section or team continues its mission. (1) Visual Contact, Undetected by the Enemy. The platoon leader assigns lanes to the sections and teams. The commander approves or disapproves the recommended COA based on how it will affect the parent unit's mission. Just another site. astrosage virgo daily horoscope. This COA is appropriate when an enemy force, based on its current disposition, is not in a position to influence the platoon's higher commander. Granted, barefoot running on manmade surfaces might be devastatingtofeet:people,\underline{\mathrm{devastating \ to \ feet: \ people,}}devastatingtofeet:people, after all, didn't spend 100,000 years adapting to run on blacktop and pavement. The eight forms of enemy contact are visual; direct; indirect; non-hostile; obstacles; aircraft; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN); and electronic (sometimes referenced as "DINOCAVE" within the intelligence community). Drivers turn off vehicle engines, and dismounted elements move to the edge of the wooded area to observe. I tend to look at the different types of platforms on a scale (Figure 1). In all types of operations, contact occurs when an individual soldier, team, or section of the reconnaissance platoon encounters any situation that requires an active or passive response to the enemy. It sends this information to the platoon leader in the form of updates to the original spot report as soon as possible. Platoon staggered column formation. Deploy and report 2. Some revisions are not of actual mistakes, but will improve the clarity of the writing. This should be done both dismounted and mounted. These specific instructions must include focus of the reconnaissance, tempo of the operation, engagement criteria, and the desired COA based on the size and activity of the enemy force encountered. The element that remains in contact maintains visual contact with the enemy and reports if the enemy situation changes. The objective is to determine exactly what the enemy situation is by dismounted reconnaissance or other reconnaissance assets and systems (ground surveillance radar, tactical unmanned aerial vehicles, and long-range reconnaissance and surveillance). (2) Exfiltration by Land. Physical Audio Direct Indirect Electronic CBRN Visual Civilian. This becomes more critical as the likelihood of enemy contact increases. At a minimum, the platoon must rehearse and be ready to execute these potential COAs: e. The Four Steps of Actions on Contact. (5) Coil Formation. Should the platoon become decisively engaged, it must have a plan on how to break contact with the enemy. Urban areas, including towns and villages, pose many potential dangers for the reconnaissance platoon. 2013-01-27 16:14:33. As soon as the lead vehicle is in a covered and concealed position, the overwatch vehicle moves to an alternate firing position and occupies a hide position while trying to maintain contact with the smallest possible element. The platoon leader plans signals to direct movement to the alternate rally point. The platoon is attacking separately or as part of a larger unit. Position updates include, as a minimum, the locations of the platoon leader, his section leaders, and vehicles. Establishing a contact point to link up with, brief, and guide the friendly unit as necessary. The route of the bounding element to that position. Planning. Wiki User. Physical contact (direct fire) with an enemy force or civilians. The platoon may infiltrate by sections, by teams, or as a complete platoon. Two-section platoon wedge formation. The platoon leader designates the orientation of the coil using a cardinal direction. The lead element moves continuously along covered and concealed routes that afford the best available protection from possible enemy observation and direct fire. FM 3-21.9 provides additional information on infantry platoon dismounted formations. (2) Developing the situation is a critical step in choosing the correct COA and providing an accurate, timely report to the commander. A series of combat actions, often conducted simultaneously, taken upon contact with the enemy to develop the situation. To aid in the control of movement, the platoon should choose rally points for all infiltrations and exfiltrations. (2) During mounted movement, leaders use their commander's tactical display (CTD) to monitor the company, platoon, and sections. It provides for immediate direct fire suppression on an enemy force that engages the bounding element with direct fire. (c) When physical contact occurs, the reconnaissance platoon employs indirect and direct fires to suppress the enemy while maneuvering to get information. (3) Column Formation. Ground reconnaissance assets use infiltration most often although aerial platforms may also employ tactics based on infiltration techniques. (3) Emergency Exfiltration. Due to mission constraints, the platoon leader may have to leave one vehicle in contact. The questions will require you to make decisions regarding the revision of the reading selection. Technology can assist in navigational planning and execution, but soldiers, and especially leaders, should be trained and able to navigate and send accurate reports, day or night, using all methods of navigation. The routes should facilitate mission accomplishment within the limitations of boundaries and allow freedom of maneuver. The section leader must continue to use route planning, mechanical navigational aids, visual observation of terrain features, and manual techniques to ensure that the sections are in proper position. The rear vehicles provide overwatch and command and control (Figure 3-4). a. Navigation. (b) Evaluate the Situation. Example platoon coil formation. Without the use of indirect fires in this situation, the platoon will fail. They base decisions about routes and movement techniques on the mission, terrain and weather, likelihood of enemy contact, speed of movement, and depth to which the platoon's elements must penetrate. (e) Conduct a Hasty Attack. In this situation, the platoon maintains contact by leaving a section or team in contact. To achieve a positional advantage to conduct reconnaissance and surveillance. c. Maps. This method is easier to control and is more secure than alternate bounding, but it is slower. Since they do not have a clear idea of the size of the enemy, they react as if it is a superior force. As he moves along the prescribed route or axis of advance during execution, the leader navigates from waypoint to waypoint and reports locations using the waypoints as checkpoints or phase lines. Each method requires specific operational considerations, and each has tactical advantages and disadvantages. This frees the platoon leader to concentrate on the subsequent mission, thus enhancing command and control. (2) Contact with an Unknown or Superior Force. In general, infiltrating elements should use digital communications as the primary means of communications. Planning. This trend is common in some of the wheeledvehicle formations but predominantly in the trackedvehicle formations. The command and control equipment available to the SBCT infantry battalion reconnaissance platoon significantly enhances the platoon's ability to conduct effective tactical movement, both day and night. Figure 3-6. Exfiltration pickup points for dismounted personnel should be far enough away from the OP to ensure the enemy does not hear vehicle or helicopter noises. Once they finish, the platoon resumes movement using its chosen movement technique. To establish communications relay capability for a specific period in support of other reconnaissance operations. As the reconnaissance platoon executes reconnaissance and security missions, it will encounter routes or mobility corridors that provide access into the area between the platoon and friendly elements to its rear. The platoon leadership must keep in perspective that during dismounted operations there is always an information-gathering element and a control and security element (Figures 3-1 and 3-2), and they should resource each operation accordingly. Once deployed, the OP maintains surveillance of the avenue of approach until the rest of the reconnaissance element returns. (c) Choose and Recommend a COA and Maneuver the Force. Contact with obstacles of enemy or unknown origin. Conduct an attack against an inferior force. Reconnaissance vehicles are most vulnerable in wooded areas when they are stopped, so halts should be kept to a minimum. (2) The leader identifies adjacent units and creates additional graphic control measures as needed on his operations overlay. However, he must not commit unneeded resources to an action that will detract from other reconnaissance tasks. To accomplish a specific task, the reconnaissance platoon itself may need to infiltrate areas occupied by enemy forces. The reconnaissance platoon can not conduct its mission if the enemy decisively engages it. The lead reconnaissance element (section or team) identifies an enemy element consisting of one enemy reconnaissance vehicle. If the reconnaissance platoon must conduct a hasty defense, the battalion commander assumes responsibility for continuing to develop the situation. (2) Evaluate and Develop the Situation. (last updated February 8, 2012). There are three major types of dismounted operations: local security tasks, OPs, and patrols. The purpose of tactical movement is to move units on the battlefield either to initiate contact with the enemy or to reach a destination when contact with the enemy along the way is possible. Types of Contact (DINOCAVE) Direct Indirect Non-hostile/Civilian Obstacles CBRN Aerial Visual Electronic. The system features layered overlays that allow leaders to selectively post overlays based on the tactical situation. Prior to any mission, the reconnaissance platoon leader must receive a detailed IPB of the area of operations from the battalion S2. The platoon leader must decide whether to use this method with the understanding that doing so will sacrifice stealth. In bounding overwatch, one element is always stopped to provide overwatch. (a) Deploy and Report. Read the following passage and then choose the best revision for the underlined portions of the paragraph. Maneuver happens once a unit has made contact with the enemy. Recommend a COA to higher. (3) During movement through a wooded area, the platoon should move using traveling overwatch. They should not attack more heavily armored vehicles except in self-defense. What are the 8 forms of contact Army? Once far-side security is established, a dismounted element moves to the destroyed vehicle and conducts a thorough search for prisoners, items of intelligence value, and any other information that can be gained from a close examination of the enemy. (1) During dismounted movement, the section leader allows the lead team to move along covered and concealed routes as long as it does not deviate too far from the axis, route, or direction of attack. b. Open areas frequently afford the reconnaissance platoon the opportunity to observe the enemy or objectives from long ranges. Purposes. d. Control Measures. Formations are intended to be flexible and easily modified to fit the situation, terrain, and combat losses. 2,6-DNOPC 16.2 14.8 9 2,4-DNOPC 9.2 5 2.34 2,6-DNOPC 3.65 1.01 Relative density: 1.13 . What are the 8 forms of contact Army? In most situations, smaller elements are better able to take advantage of available cover and concealment. (See Figure 3-13, for an illustration of dismounted bounding overwatch.) They look for any other signs of enemy activity or any enemy response to the destruction of the vehicle. "Set" means that the element has arrived at its destination and has occupied a position from which it can observe to its front. This equipment has greater optics resolution, which allows the leader to read his map and terrain association during mounted movement in limited visibility. What are the 8 forms of contact Army? The lead element and the overwatch element see the signature of the enemy weapon system. The factors the reconnaissance platoon leader needs to consider addressing, such as moving more rapidly and employing greater stealth and security in the various terrains, will always be METT-TC dependent. It employs movement routes that put ridgelines, rivers, and other restrictive terrain between the platoon and enemy security forces. Evaluate and develop situation 3. If the section or team receives fire from the enemy, it returns fire but only with the intent of breaking direct fire contact. Applications with education from outside the U.S. and applications that do not contain sufficient detail usually require a lengthier review process. The trail element first occupies a covered and concealed position from which it can overwatch the lead element. Exporting a Capture design to a PDF file requires access to a ghostscript converter. From this position, he establishes local security (a hasty OP) and monitors and controls the efforts of his sections or teams. It stops inside the wood line, ensuring it is still within the shadow line of the woods. If the element makes visual contact but is not detected, it should continue the mission. (1) If using only the FBCB2 software, the commander must use only the necessary graphic control measures and icons for the mission to ensure clarity. The battalion commander determines if the battalion moves along single or multiple infiltration lanes with forces in the infiltration lanes separated by space and time. The platoon must approach hills and curves cautiously, and dismounted members must clear any dead space. These platoon members should report the enemy contact to the overwatching vehicles and to the platoon leader. The OPORD must clearly state whether the element will continue the mission or return to friendly lines if detected by the enemy. (1) It is critical that the platoon maintains continuous surveillance of these mobility corridors to provide security against enemy forces that move into the sector after the reconnaissance platoon has moved on. As the unit responsible for the attack moves into position, the reconnaissance element in contact may rejoin the platoon or be placed OPCON to the attacking unit to ease command, control, and coordination (Figure 3-16). Study now. (b) The leader must allow adequate time for each group to reach the rally point. (b) If detected by the enemy, the section or team uses a combination of mounted and dismounted reconnaissance. Conversely, these areas often expose the platoon to possible enemy observation and fire for long periods of movement. ______Now he says that he doesnt take life for granted no more. The POSNAV enables mounted elements to use greater dispersion during movement without losing awareness of vehicle positions. Platoon and section leaders and VCs use position updates from their navigation systems and analog information to assist in following their planned routes. It is used when speed is important and enemy contact is not likely. In this method, the trail element advances past the lead element to the next overwatch position. Bounding overwatch, the slowest but most secure movement technique, is employed when enemy contact is expected. g. Actions on Contact. When the platoon conducts dismounted movement, the factors of METT-TC determine the formation of the dismounted element. He ensures that he receives clear guidance from the commander before moving on to the execution step. They should search for movement, reflections, smoke, and any irregular shapes or colors indicating camouflage. During its move, the lead vehicle overwatches it. The lead vehicle then moves forward again, with the overwatch vehicle providing security. This choice is made because the platoon leader determines that the force he has located is the objective of his commander; therefore, this COA is in accordance with his commander's intent. (3) Combination of Methods. If he cannot find a bypass, he focuses not only on finding potential enemy positions but also on locating covered and concealed routes for bounding and a covered and concealed position to which the unit can move. Therefore, the platoon must make maximum use of the terrain and employ effective observation techniques to avoid exposing itself to a well-concealed and camouflaged enemy. Since the destruction of the enemy is in accordance with the commander's order, the section or team leader simply informs higher headquarters that he is continuing the mission. amounts of protection to survive first contact and are able to send reports under directfire contact. (a) The platoon leader updates his spot report to the commander with any new information and then recommends a COA to the commander. The platoon then displaces its OPs to successive positions in depth while maintaining contact with the enemy. Traveling overwatch and bounding overwatch are most often executed at the section level. Oddly enough, foot and leg injuries common to runners in the developed world-joint damage, shin splints, bone spurs-are practically unknown to the Tarahumara. Patrols request permission to return to the platoon vehicles. Simultaneously, the section or team maintains at least one hasty OP in contact with the enemy. (1) Extraction by Air or Vehicle. During infiltration, the platoon uses predesignated routes to reach its objective without being detected and engaged by the enemy. Actions on Contact. d. Lateral or Boundary Routes. He keeps the commander informed of his actions. (d) Execute the COA. The platoon must also establish a hasty defense when the enemy executes a hasty attack. Figure 3-13. Maintain contact with the enemy in accordance with mission. a. The overriding factor in determining whether to use single or multiple lanes is the ability to remain undetected. It immediately sends a contact report informing higher headquarters that it has made visual contact with the enemy but is not being engaged. The platoon must conduct detailed coordination with any adjacent units or friendly elements through which it will pass to ensure these elements do not compromise the reconnaissance platoon as it conducts the infiltration. The element in contact next concentrates on defining what enemy it faces. ART 1.2.2.7 Conduct Actions on Contact Develop the situation once contact is made, concentrate combat power, and transition to a hasty attack or defense. The platoon finds the flanks of the enemy position and looks for other enemy elements that could provide mutual support to the position. When this reconnaissance is complete, the section or team sends an updated report to higher headquarters. The size of the elements within the reconnaissance platoon depends on several factors: the assigned mission, time available, cover and concealment, target acquisition capabilities of both friendly and enemy forces, available communications assets, and navigation capabilities and limitations. Additionally, drivers and VCs have night-vision devices to aid in navigation. Reconnaissance forces normally conduct exfiltration via land routes dismounted when friendly lines are close or no other extraction method is feasible. These reconnaissance elements move to dismount points, set their vehicles in hide positions, and send dismounted patrols to multiple vantage points using dismounted reconnaissance techniques, with the emphasis on avoiding detection.