PubMed Central Modulation of HSP response in SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to microwaves of a mobile phone. Human SH-SY5YNB cells were exposed to 2.1GHz W-CDMA modulated microwave radiation for 24h at a specific absorption rate of 0.491W/kg. The microwave energy can be changed to warm up the food because this energy is absorbed by food & it does not prepare food contaminated or radioactive. Spatial memory and learning performance and its relationship to protein synthesis of Swiss albino mice exposed to 10 GHz microwaves. This conclusion is consistent with the results of a previously reported study that showed that short-term exposure to microwave radiation can reduce reaction times and improve cognitive functions, attention and short-term memory capacity [28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. The ionotropic receptors consist of NMDA receptors and non-NMDA receptors. In the group treated with 0.8W/kg, there was no significant change. J Natl Cancer Inst. [83] found that long-term exposure to microwave radiation (typical mobile phone, at an SAR level range of 0.170.37W/kg for 3h daily for 8months, or wireless digital enhanced cordless telecommunications/telephone (DECT) base at an SAR level range of 0.0120.028W/kg for 8h/d for 8months) induced the synthesis of 143 proteins, including some neuronal function-associated proteins such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glial maturation factor (GMF), apolipo protein E, heat-shock protein, cytoskeletal proteins and some proteins that are associated with metabolism in the brain. Lai H, Horita A, Guy AW. Behav Brain Res. Lu M, Zhu J, Qian C, Wang G, Nie J, Tong J. Ongwijitwat S, Wong-Riley MT. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2008;169:3845. Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on response times in humans. 2006;27:11926. 1993;13:41322. In a study investigating the influence of low-frequency microwave (450MHz) radiation on EEG, Hinrikus et al. Low intensity microwave radiation induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and DNA damage in rat brain. 1994;15:95104. Neurosci Lett. A popular focus among researchers is the damage that microwave radiation causes in the central nervous system, in which it can impair learning and memory. Google Scholar. Ito K, Hirao A, Arai F, Takubo K, Matsuoka S, Miyamoto K, et al. Most bioassay and genotoxicity or mutation studies that have been performed in vitro have reported that exposure to microwave radiation at non-thermal levels does not have mutagenic/genotoxic/carcinogenic effects. Furthermore, the expression of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) in cultured neurons was decreased. Repeated exposure to low-level extremely low frequency-modulated microwaves affects cortex-hypothalamus interplay in freely moving rats: EEG study. Effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on microRNA expression in brain tissue. To determine the precise dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, further detailed studies must be performed. The results indicated that repeated low-level exposure to extremely low frequency microwaves affects brain functioning and provide an additional approach to analyzing the underlying mechanisms. Shahin S, Banerjee S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. Using a ring resonator notch filter for optical carrier reduction and modulation depth enhancement in radio-over-fiber links. Structure, development, and plasticity of dendritic spines. Wang L, Li X, Peng R, Gao Y, Zhao L, Wang S, et al. Srinivasan R. Anatomical constraints on source models for high-resolution EEG and MEG derived from MRI. 2009;63:10106. Aydin D, Feychting M, Schz J, Andersen TV, Poulsen AH, Prochazka M, et al. Fragopoulou AF, Samara A, Antonelou MH, Xanthopoulou A, Papadopoulou A, Vougas K, et al. Radiat Res. Sci Total Environ. Otto M, von Mhlendahl KE. The strength of the electric field (rms value) at the sample position was 10V/m. Whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter 12-arm radial-maze with reduced access to spatial cues in rats. Of the numerous studies performed to explore the effects of mobile communication devices on humans, only a few have shown that cell phones and brain tumors are statistically correlated. The central nervous system, especially the hippocampus, is highly sensitive to microwave radiation [43, 44]. Synaptic plasticity is a special function of synapses, which play an important role in learning and memory processes [46], including structural and functional plasticity. Radiat Res. Muscat JE, Malkin MG, Thompson S, Shore RE, Stellman SD, McRee D, et al. [78] exposed differentiated astroglial cells that were cultured for 14days in vitro to either continuous 900MHz waves or 900MHz waves modulated in amplitude at 50Hz using a sinusoidal wave form and 100% modulation index for 5, 10, or 20min. [58] exposed volunteers to microwaves at a frequency of 450MHz for 10 repeated intervals of 1min of irradiation and 1min off. Microwaving Food Leads to a Negative Impact on Human Physiology & the Heart. Thus, Cosquer et al. Dasdag et al. More data are available regarding opinions on potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields [3]. Calabr E, Magaz S. Inspections of mobile phone microwaves effects on proteins secondary structure by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The transduction of a nerve impulse and the postsynaptic potential produced by it result in synaptic transmission. 2011;31:2293301. Effect of mobile radiation on health ppt . Professor, Asst Director at VIT Qiao S, Peng R, Yan H, Gao Y, Wang C, Wang S, et al. However, impaired learning and memory were only observed in males. MicroRNAs: novel mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of microwave exposure on rats hippocampus. Mitochondrial lipid abnormality and electron transport chain impairment in mice lacking -synuclein. The results showed that at 6h, 1 d and 3 d after exposure, the groups in which the average power density was 10mW/cm2 or 50mW/cm2 displayed significant deficits in spatial learning and memory. Those who are accustomed to using their mobile phone ipsilaterally presented a probability that was twice that of people who dont [5,6,7]. Brain proteome response following whole body exposure of mice to mobile phone or wireless DECT base radiation. 2012;31:6774. Electromagn Biol Med. The induced genes encoded proteins with a variety of functions, including neurotransmitter regulation, BBB maintenance, and melatonin production. EEG data reflect the functional state of the brain by enlarging the autologous weak bioelectricity recorded by the EEG-recording instrument [47]. Neuroreport. J Neuro. The acute effects of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human attention. 1 of 41 Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings Oct. 04, 2015 4 likes 4,519 views Download Now Download to read offline Environment The presentation proves beyond any doubt, the harmful affects of microwaves and radio frequency waves on humans and other living beings Padmanabhan Krishnan Follow Dr. Int J Radiat Biol. Since mobile phones are used in positions very close to the human body and require a large CAS 2010;473:525. Neurotoxicology. Each Wi-Fi exposure and restraint occurred for 2h/d during gestation until parturition. Cookies policy. Nakatani-Enomoto S, Furubayashi T, Ushiyama A, Groiss SJ, Ueshima K, Sokejima S, et al. Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China, You can also search for this author in N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a tetramer composed of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits or two NR3 subunits that perform the functions of NMDAR [69, 70], and NMDAR plays key roles in synapse development, synaptic plasticity and neurological diseases. Bad impacts a microwave has on our daily lives. An abnormal EEG is closely associated with damaged cognitive ability. [105] identified stable C-T mutation sites at 217 points by screening for SNPs in the GRIN2B promoter region in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. Google Scholar. Synaptic vesicles form in different parts of neurons and contain high concentrations of substances that are transferred from the neuron. Int J Hyg Environ Health. So foods which have high water content can be very easily cooked like fresh vegetables. To investigate whether exposure of rat brains to GMS microwaves induced DNA breaks and changes in gene expression, Belyaev et al. Electromagnetic fields (EMF): do they play a role in children's environmental health (CEH)? 1984;4:285665. Mikrobiolohichny zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine: 1993) Serge Voychuk. Springer Nature. Of these, five rats were repeatedly exposed to extremely low-frequency microwaves (915MHz; pulse width, 20ms; average power density, 0.3mW/cm2; repetition frequency, 4.0Hz; intermittently for 1min, On for 1min, and Off for 10min; SAR, 0.7mW/g) and 5 were in the sham group. This study concerns the effects of microwave on health because they pervade diverse fields of our lives. Previous studies have shown that in unexposed control rats, hippocampal neurons are aligned in neat rows in which the edges are clear, nuclei are clear, nucleoli can be observed, and pyramidal cells do not exhibit obvious necrosis. Mil Med Sci. It has been reported that microwave radiation can decrease both the number and the density of dendritic spines [63]. Brain Res. Regarding the ultra-structure of the hippocampus, symptoms including neuronal atrophy, mitochondrial swelling, crest reduction and a disordered arrangement were observed, the rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited cystic expansion, the number of synaptic vesicles decreased, and the synaptic cleft was widened (2.45GHz pulsed microwave field at an average power density of 1mW/cm2 for 3h/d for up to 30days [45] and an average power density of 2.5, 5, or 10mW/cm2 for 6min/d for up to 1month resulted in an average calculated SAR of 1.05, 2.1, and 4.2W/kg, respectively [46]). California Privacy Statement, millimeter, or equivalently. 2012;31:25074. 2000;6:18793. Neuroreport. Location of gliomas in relation to mobile telephone use: a case-case and case-specular analysis. Szmigielski S. Cancer risks related to low-level RF/MW exposures, including cell phones. J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 1992;6:379. 2004;115:1490505. 2015;91:30611. Chin J Birth Health Hered. Shahin found that regardless of whether exposure was long-term or short-term, 2.45GHz microwaves increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, which potentially led to apoptosis in hippocampal subfield neurons and non-neuronal cells as a result of p53-dependent/independent activation. Surg Neurol. However, it concurrently also declared that the carcinogenic potential of mobile communications equipment was limited to glioma [4]. By using this website, you agree to our Int J Radiat Biol. [27] found that college students visual reaction times were significantly shorter after 10min of phone-induced microwave radiation. Biological effects of 2450 MHz microwave combined with -rays on rat cultured gliacytes. Effect of microwave radiation on learning and memory. It has been shown that neurons are sensitive to reductions in the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in mitochondria, which have been reported to be vulnerable to microwave radiation [118]. Researchers have also used the 12-arm maze test on rats to test spatial working ability after exposure to 2.45GHz pulse microwave radiation. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. The results indicated that radar microwave radiation leads to a decreased reaction time and lower short-term memory performance [18]. Mack A, Georg T, Kreis P, Eickholt BJ. This classical method is often used to test learning and memory abilities after exposure to microwave radiation. To investigate the potential combined influence of maternal restraint stress and 2.45GHz Wi-Fi signal exposure on postnatal development and behavior in the offspring of exposed rats, control, Wi-Fi-exposed, restrained and both Wi-Fi-exposed and restrained groups were established. Ellis CE, Murphy EJ, Mitchell DC, Golovko MY, Scaglia F, Barcel-Coblijn GC, et al. Synapse. Wang et al. Krylova I, Dukhanin A, Il'in A, Kuznetsova EY, Balaeva N, Shimanovskii N, et al. 2013;34:58998. Thus, these results suggest that the 2.4W/kg GSM 1800MHz microwaves may reduce excitatory synaptic activity and the number of excitatory synapses in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Article PubMed Central Am J Epidemiol. MicroRNAs and neurodegeneration: role and impact. 2011;174:211. 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation Impairs Learning and Spatial Memory via Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Induced p53-Dependent/Independent Hippocampal Apoptosis: Molecular Basis and Underlying Mechanism. 2005;161:3314. increased with the growing in the number of devices that used the Microwave frequencies in. Chin J Indus Hyg. Among the variety of neurotransmitters, glutamate is the most abundant endogenous amino acid in the mammalian central nervous system. 2009;27:556572. Hassanshahi A, Shafeie SA, Fatemi I, Hassanshahi E, Allahtavakoli M, Shabani M, et al. In the cell experiments, the T allele was significantly more vulnerable to microwaves than the C allele with regard to its transcription factor binding ability and the transcriptional activity and mRNA and protein expression of NR2B. The frequencies of these devices are listed in Table1. 2015;28:1324. J Neurosci Methods. Behav Brain Res. Google Scholar. 2002;13:11921. 2014;8:63. Mobile phone use facilitates memory in male, but not female, subjects. Reduction of Phosphorylated Synapsin I (Ser-553) leads to spatial memory impairment by attenuating GABA release after microwave exposure in Wistar rats. When nerve endings are excited, the vesicles release their contents into the synaptic cleft, resulting in synaptic transmission. Dasdag S, Balci K, Celik M, Batun S, Kaplan A, Bolaman Z, et al. 2011;35:36978. In addition, another study showed that significant psychiatric symptoms were observed in people who worked in these areas. Am J Epidemiol. It has been proposed that by enhancing the functions of acetylcholine, glucose can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in the synapse to reverse microwave-induced damage to learning and memory. Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. Electromagn Biol Med. Mol Cell Biol. However, the problem with these studies is that different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, and power density of the radiation and the irradiation time, were used to evaluate microwave radiation between studies. Mol Neurobiol. Dendritic spines, which are small protrusions that extend from dendritic shafts, are also cellular compartments containing signaling molecules that are important for synaptic transmission and plasticity [88,89,90,91]. An increasing level of acetylcholine can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in synapses, but its concentration was decreased by 60% after exposure to microwave irradiation [117]. PubMed Curr Opin Neurobiol. The potential mechanisms underlying these damaging effects range from gene expression alterations in the respiratory chain, membrane damage, Ca2+ overloading, and DNA impairment [122,123,124,125,126,127,128]. Wang LF, Tian DW, Li HJ, Gao YB, Wang CZ, Zhao L, et al. Lai et al. Singh S, Mani KV, Kapoor N. Effect of occupational EMF exposure from radar at two different frequency bands on plasma melatonin and serotonin levels. Li H, Li C. Apoptosis gene expression and their relationship to mtDNA mutation in tumor tissues of gynecologic oncology patients. Handheld cellular telephone use and risk of brain cancer. Belyaev IY, Koch CB, Terenius O, Roxstrm-Lindquist K, Malmgren LO, Sommer HW, et al. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. Physiol Behav. Maternal exposure to Wi-Fi radio frequencies led to various adverse neurological effects in the offspring. This effect is similar to the decrease observed in NR2B in rats. Motawi TK, Darwish HA, Moustafa YM, Labib MM. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. This study also revealed the dose-dependent relationship of the modulated microwave effect: decreasing the SAR 100-fold reduced the associated changes in the EEG by three- to six-fold and decreased the number of affected subjects but did not completely eliminate the effects.

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