Today in North America, most dance originating from Samoa is found in traditional competitions. Traditional Dance. Times have changed But to this day, Samoan girls the world over (yes even us geek girls) are taught from a young age the timeless virtues of the Taualuga dance itself: So, I was surfing YouTube looking for World Wide Taualuga dancing and Oh. A tauolunga girl is usually dressed in a wrap around dress, either made from ngatu with traditional designs; a mat (kie) from handwoven pandanus leaves; a piece of cloth covered with green leaves, grass, fragrant flowers or shells; any shiny piece of cloth, decorated with sewn-on traditional patterns; or even a grass skirt. [5], This dance is sacred to the Samoan people and traditionally only virgins were allowed to perform it. It is symbolic of the former significance that the taupou had in her role as the leader of ceremonial processions, dances, rituals, and war parties. In Samoa, the tatau has a deeper, historical significance. Your movements are memories - of our beloved homeland and family, of our ancestors, of watching our elders celebrate - and they are as graceful and structured as they are involuntary. In cases when the tuiga was not worn, the "pale fuiono" was usually worn with the "ie'ula" feather ornament tied to dangle from the back or side of the dancer's head. [23] The elegant nature of the dance is emphasized by the contrasting "aiuli" or "fa'aluma" performers who, often spontaneously, dance alongside and behind the taupou with exaggerated gestures, loud vocalizations, and humorous antics. Daughters and Sons of High Chiefs of each village are the ones to be in charge and chooses who to represent their high ranking in their village for their visitors as a Taupou. Make it easier on yourself by narrowing it down to names that start with a particular letter that you, 18 Awesome Party Ideas for Teens They'll Never Forget, Finding the perfect party ideas for teens can be a daunting task, but with a little strategic planning, you can host a successful party your guests will always remember. . Polyethylene Film / PE Sheet lmaoIm supposed to be doing a Taualuga at my wedding but theres one problemI cant siva samoa!!!! Traditional Samoan dancing is one area of the culture that has been the least affected by western civilisation. Instead you need to play through the game as any normal combat Job for a while. She says traditionally in the dance item 'taualuga' the female role called the 'taupou' is performed by the high chief's daughter. This has to be my favorite topic on 1Samoana so far. Share this item. The tau'olunga is a dance for single young women, especially for them to show off on their wedding day. During the day, the fale is used for chatting and relaxing. #Taualuga #Samoa #Samoan. This dance form has been adopted and adapted throughout western Polynesia, most notably in the Kingdom of Tonga, Uvea, Futuna, and Tokelau. Get your kids excited about the holiday with these fun St. Patrick's Day activities for kids! [2] The term "taualuga" symbolizes the conclusion of a monumental task and the beautifying final touches involved. The hair was washed in salt water and dyed with coral lime and citrus juice to give the hair a reddish-brown color, and the strands were tied together to form the "ie lau'ulu" which was tied to the top of the cone that the "lave" faceplate was tied to. This oral video made me believe that these people are telling the truth and these are facts because theyve lived through it instead of reading information of sources and stating them as reliable resources when theyve experienced it all. The word Taualuga in Samoan refers to the last stage of traditional house building in which the topmost rafter was secured to the building (fale), signifying the completion of construction. [2] The term "taualuga" symbolizes the conclusion of a monumental task and the beautifying final touches involved. Kava is a mild narcotic. The crowning attire of the taupou or manaia was the traditional headdress known as the "tuiga." It is also used to wrap up wedding receptions and festivals in many regions. OMG. Bride's traditional dance: After the ceremony, the reception occurs immediately. [20] Without the glottal stop the term "nifooti" means "dead tooth" or "dead horn," and could not be misconstrued to mean "tooth of death. Every type of costume (teunga) has its own proper name. Rugby teams are especially fond of using the manu siva tau while on tour, and a World Cup soccer game in the '90s brought with it the composition of an official war chant. [14] This seems to be the form of the most ancient "tuiga" before the "selu" comb and "tava'e" feathers were replaced by the mother of pearl shell "lave" and "sega" feathers, that has now been supplanted by mirrors, sequins and dyed chicken feathers. See, now, that's what I feel from Ms Toilolo's dancing up there. General Contractor in Constructions. O le Taupou, e malu ai aiga The Taupou protects the family. The taualuga. Salsa is a set of Afro-Caribbean rhythms fused with jazz and other styles. It is a combination of the Samoan Taualuga and the Tongan ula. In earlier times, high chiefs or matais performed this special dance but today it is performed by a taupou . The purpose of this dance is to flatter or celebrate this high chief on various occasions, or to serve as the showpiece finale at the end of a . I aint an expert, like graceful almost floating.. nahhh, no wayIm more like at least my hands/legs are moving same direction as everyone elses hahahaha yep, loosened up alot since the last time! The mak Sa'moa is one type, along with taualuga, siva afi, and sasa. Other forms of traditional Samoan dancing include the taualuga, siva afi, and sasa. Made in Samoa and grown around the Pacific, Im just a. When you login first time using a Social Login button, we collect your account public profile information shared by Social Login provider, based on your privacy settings. While the chant is often sung in traditional Samoan language, it can also be performed in English: The Manu Samoa, may you succeed in your mission. When European whalers and entrepreneurs introduced the steel blubber knife and cane knife these blades were quickly adapted as warclubs and used for "ailao" dancing and warfare. It looks and tastes like . Traditional Samoan dance is arguably the one area of Samoan culture that has not been touched by Western Civilization. 8th April, 2022. The Tuiga also consisted of hair of those who had worn it before. Singers, directed by a conductor known as "fuataimi" or "fa'aluma," generally sat in rows or concentric semicircles around the dance area. The groom usually matches this number, and his squad usually wear traditional samoan ie-faitaga. Taualuga is the last solo dance of the evening, reserved for the village princess or minister's daughter. Logan and his mum both felt his journey of reconnection to their Samoan culture had given him valuable insight. Historically, the taualuga was performed by the son or daughter of a village chief. FJL Construction LLC. The second component of the tuiga was the "pale fuiono," literally "the headband of nautilus shells," made of rows of pearlized nautilus shells tied to a woven headband. Dance is handed down through generations -- the distinctive solo and group dances are popular tourist attractions in Samoa and in other Pacific Island vacation destinations, such as Hawaii. He made reference to the serious protocols of the speeches, welcomes and ceremonies, including the Samoan ava ceremony and reciprocated in the traditional way with a gift of a fine Samoan woven . The fa'ataupati, or Samoan slap dance, is said to have evolved from the moves involved in slapping away mosquitoes. The highborn son or daughter of a Samoan chief would dress in full festive regalia for a taualuga performance. PO Box 1937, Wellington 6140 If they are fair, the better. [9] The mat was secured with a tapa sash called a "vala" or "fusi" and it was not uncommon for several layers of mats and tapa to be worn. . It is symbolic of the former significance that the taupou had in her role as the leader of ceremonial processions, dances, rituals, and war parties. The Taualuga is a traditional Samoa n dance, considered the apex of Samoan performance art forms and the centerpiece of the Culture of Samoa. It is considered the apex of Samoan performances and the centrepiece of Samoan tradition. The crowning attire of the taupou or manaia was the traditional headdress known as the "tuiga." It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Taualuga". [15] The third component was the hair ornament, essentially a large wig fashioned from the hair of female relatives. To be more specific, this oral video explained what the meaning of a Taualuga is and how it is performed and by whom. The "ulalei" was once an article of jewelry exclusive to the aristocracy and very few examples are still known today outside of museums; today's "ulalei" and "ulanifo" are, for the most part, mere replicas made of plastic pipe, coconut shell, or carved animal bone.[12]. They have to follow hands and head. Because as you can probably tell already, I like to talk / write and bringing the clips here means that I get to make comments about them, and then if you like, you can make comments about my comments and, well, you get the picture. Ill probably post a video on YouTube one day*nice thought* Anyways, thanks for the post! "[21] The most accurate translation of the term is probably "cutting teeth," employing the verb 'oti ("to cut," as in "otiulu" = "haircut"). [8] On all other social occasions the taualuga is usually the last dance to be performed. Level 2, 204 Thorndon Quay, Wellington 6011 Anklets and armbands made of ti leaves, sea turtle shell ("uga laumei" or "uga fonu"), coconut shell, and/or boar's tusks adorned the dancer and the ensemble was completed with a necklace of cut whale's teeth ("ulalei") or boar's tusks ("ulanifo"). Is salsa dancing from africa? The pe'a is what we call the Samoan traditional tattoo given to men. This one (below) is probably my favourite. Check out these awesome spring break ideas for kids! The last piece of the tuiga was the "ie'ula" (literally, "red dress") which consisted of strands of tiny red collared lory feathers. The taualuga is always a solo performance accompanied by simple drum beats. Traditional dances [ edit] Today, the 'ie'ula is generally made of large colorful chicken feathers that are dyed any variety of hues besides the traditional red and white. The original fire knife was a machete with an exposed blade between two wrapped ends. From epic outdoor adventure, 130+ Little League Baseball Team Names That'll Be a Hit. 2023 LoveToKnow Media. The brandishing of the "nifo'oti" originates with the ancient spectacle of twirling, throwing and mock-fighting with heirloom clubs called "anava" - this performance was called "ailao" and it was a common pre-battle ritual. This usually consisted of a traditional finely woven ie toga mat, decorated with the prized feathers of the "sega" (collared lory or blue-crowned lorikeet), that was wrapped around the body. The word Taualuga in Samoan refers to the last stage of traditional house building in which the topmost rafter was secured to the building (fale), signifying the completion of construction. The Taualuga is a traditional Samoan dance also called the Money Dance. Similarities between Maulu'ulu and Samoan culture. Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is Copyright 2009-2022, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Many technical motifs of the tauolunga are derived from the ancient Tongan ula / faahi-ula / fahaiula. Samoa Traditions and Culture Introduction: Some of the unique traditions practiced in Samoa and in other Pacific island countries, such as Tongo or the Soloman islands, include special tattooing rituals, fire dances, and ' ava ceremonies. Yes, I know. The manu siva tau is a perfect example of how ancient Samoan dance is still celebrated by younger, progressive generations. But somehow, dunno what happened a few years after my painful first attempts, I suddenly figured out the grace thing.. *shrugs* it just happened. [11] Both the dancer and the mats were generously anointed with scented coconut oil to give a cosmetic sheen. Anklets and armbands made of ti leaves, sea turtle shell ("uga laumei" or "uga fonu"), coconut shell, and/or boar's tusks adorned the dancer and the ensemble was completed with a necklace of cut whale's teeth ("ulalei") or boar's tusks ("ulanifo"). The space in which dance is conducted has been interpreted as a microcosm of Samoan society. Often two or more "pale fuiono" were tied around the wearer's forehead. They are graceful, exuberant, comic, and emblematic of the oldest culture in Polynesia. can you just make my heart race today lmaoAwww, you gots to help me suga!!! "[21] The most accurate translation of the term is probably "cutting teeth," employing the verb 'oti ("to cut," as in "otiulu" = "haircut"). The traditional culture of Samoa is a communal way of life based on Fa'a Samoa, the unique socio-political culture. [6] The taupou held the role of "sa'o'aualuma" or the leader of the unmarried women of the community; she was accompanied by a retinue of her peers wherever she went and was constantly under the protective watch of designated "tausi" or older women of the village whose sole responsibility was to preserve the virtue and reputation of their chief's prized daughter. The "anava" and "talavalu" were Samoan clubs that were carved with serrated or braced edges capable of dismembering or decapitating foes. [9] The mat was secured with a tapa sash called a "vala" or "fusi" and it was not uncommon for several layers of mats and tapa to be worn. The highborn son or daughter of a Samoan chief would dress in full festive regalia for a taualuga performance. Leva ga eva i le one samoana ao lea faakoa kiliki mai i lea igu o le faleoo..hehe, aoooo, i just have free time now to evaeva little bit.But yeah, I used to entertain every night at the polyensian cultural center for the tourists..aiaiuli i le taupou or faaluma i le sasa.How about you dance the taupou ae aiaiuli ai authat way DA can watch you and learn from the pro. Catholic Centre 2230 Hill Street,PO Box 1937, Wellington 6140, Editor: Annette Scullion Ph: 04 496 1712welcom@wn.catholic.org.nz, Advertising:Ph: 027 489 8017welcomads@xtra.co.n, Catholic Archdiocese of Wellington For a graduation, it will go to the person graduating etc. This role is called the tuulafale. The "ailao" is performed before the actual taualuga as an exhibition of the dancer's skill, dexterity, grace, and coordination. The wearing of lavalavas and weaving are important parts of their culture as well. The traditional culture of Samoa is a communal way of life based on Fa'a Samoa, the unique socio-political culture.In Samoan culture, most activities are done together. This dance form has been adopted and adapted throughout western Polynesia, most notably in Samoa, The Kingdom of Tonga, Uvea, Futuna, and Tokelau. . . Beautiful Tongan Bride Performing Traditional Samoan Taualuga Dance. [5], This dance is sacred to the Samoan people and traditionally only virgins were allowed to perform it. Learn how your comment data is processed. Today virginity is not necessarily a prerequisite and although older adults and even teenage mothers are occasionally seen performing the final dance, a strong preference for unmarried performers is still the norm. The mat was secured with a tapa sash called a "vala" or "fusi" and it was not uncommon for several layers of mats and tapa to be worn. This dance is sacred to the Samoan people and should be performed with reverence. (Unless you're a newbie dancer, then it's just breathless and painful). The second component of the tuiga was the "pale fuiono," literally "the headband of nautilus shells," made of rows of pearlized nautilus shells tied to a woven headband. For weddings, it will go to the wedding couple. you can ask my parents, my siblings, my extended family I nearly get beaten up during practices by my dadlol Its true!!! Well first of all, Cherrys siva has already passed. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dieD54iLQSE. Samoans started the now-popular craft of fire dancing. Once you reach level 60, however, the Dancer becomes available in Limsa Lominsa - Lower Decks. Last edited on 15 November 2022, at 02:26, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tauolunga&oldid=1121959564. However, Taupou in certain districts consist of important individual female names or titles under Samoa's traditional social hierarchy and form of governance, the Fa'amatai chiefly system. It is symbolic of the former significance that the taupou had in her role as the leader of ceremonial processions, dances, rituals, and war parties. The dance is frequently performed as the grand finale of an evening of entertainment or as the concluding number at Samoan wedding receptions, social functions, and other festivities. Siva Samoa is the Samoan term for a Samoan dance. The "lafo" custom, however, does not share the fundraising origins of money dances, although it does reflect the former tradition of presenting fine mats and tapa cloth at festive occasions that were concluded with the taualuga.[25]. Sep 2022 - Present7 months. The one-piece construction and gawdy decorations of most modern tuiga are a far cry from the stately, natural multi-piece tuiga of old Samoa. His mum ran a business in Melbourne teaching classes in Samoan language. More like this. The daughter of a high chief in a village is known as a taupou when they perform public ceremonial roles; the male equivalent is the manaia. The tauolunga is a traditional Tongan dance. Stuck at home this spring break? Islanders are deeply spiritual and attach great meaning to family and tradition. Furthermore, the traditional multi-piece tuiga is almost never seen, having been almost completely replaced with modern one-piece replicas that resemble tall hats, complete with velcro flaps that wrap around the head and attach in the back. The inclusion of the taualuga in the celebration of the Eucharist, especially at the presentation of gifts, signifies the willingness of the participants to present what is considered sacred to God. A.L. The dance is frequently performed as the grand finale of an evening of entertainment or as the concluding number at Samoan wedding receptions, social functions, and other festivities. Often two or more "pale fuiono" were tied around the wearer's forehead. [10] Today, most fine mats are bordered with dyed chicken feathers, far larger and less delicate than the traditional mats now seen only very rarely in Samoa, and only in museums and private collections abroad. A Traditional Feast. The word Taualuga in Samoan refers to the last stage of traditional house building in which the topmost rafter was secured to the building (fale), signifying the completion of construction. Required fields are marked *. Unfortunately plastic is slowly making its inroads nowadays. Subscribe 60K views 4 years ago Alabama quarterback Tua Tagovailoa performs a traditional Samoan dance called the Taualuga in honor of his grandfather. Samoan oral history maintains that dance wear for aristocratic Samoans was also painstakingly crafted from other natural materials, such as skirts made of "sega" feathers ("iefulu" or "'ofu'ula") or dresses composed of flower petals and leaves ("la'ei" or "'ofumeamata"). One well known tradition is the tatau, or Samoan tattooing. 103 followers. Tau is War and Luga is above and as said together the whole word means War in a Higher Place. Coconut midribs ("tuaniu") wrapped with strips of tapa cloth were secured to a faceplate ("lave") made of turtle shell in such a way that the midribs stood upright when the faceplate was tied to the hair above the forehead; the hair was pulled upward into a tight topknot called the "foga" which was then tightly wrapped with tapa into a stiff cone to which the faceplate was tied. The taupou was raised from youth in the arts of hospitality, cultural rituals and ceremonies, chiefly protocol and demeanor, and the intricacies of the fine arts of dancing, the pinnacle of which was the taualuga.[7]. RT @Hereaux_KB: Hey @gmfb @Tua wasn't doing a "terrible" Hawaiian "surf move" in the video clip it was a traditional Samoan dance called the Taualuga I know y'all need material during this slow NFL news season but let's do a little research, eh @PSchrags ? The Taualuga is a traditional Samoan dance, considered the apex of Samoan performance art forms and the centerpiece of the Culture of Samoa. the ways in which Samoan adolescent girls are using traditional Samoan dance in defining self in a two-culture worlda self that merges opposing cul tural concepts of what it means to be a person. Historically, the taualuga was performed by the son or daughter of a village chief. There's also the popular Laumei or Luemei for short as well as Tautasi which have their own unique style to them too! This dance form has been adopted and adapted throughout western Polynesia, most notably in Samoa, The Kingdom of Tonga, Uvea, Futuna, and Tokelau. Gee. The Manaia could perform the Taualuga if the High Chief had no daughters, but the performance of a chief's son was often in jest; a manaia's performance was not held to the same strict standards of elegance and refinement required of a taupou and did not hold the same sociocultural significance of that of the taupou. This dance form has been adopted and adapted throughout western Polynesia, most notably in Samoa, The Kingdom of Tonga, Uvea, Futuna, and Tokelau. Traditional Samoan dance is arguably the one area of Samoan culture that has not been touched by Western Civilization. Traditional dances of Samoa can be found throughout the world, both in native villages and in modern performance venues. Sooo proud to be Samoan! Traditional styles include: Taualuga: The Taualuga dance is a graceful, prestigious dance often reserved as the grand finale for celebrations. 2. Taualuga is venerated as the center of all dances within the culture and is reserved as the grand finale in many entertainment line-ups. The daughter of a high chief in a village is known as a "taupou" or "sa'o'aualuma" when they perform public ceremonial roles; the male equivalent is known as the "manaia", or "sa'o'aumaga. It often serves as the inauguratory dance during a Samoan cultural festival. Stretch Film Division. What is the traditional Samoan dance? Through this dancer's performance their history and culture are passed on from generation to generation, through the dance. Conversely, it is common for a parishioner dressed as a taupou to dance and lead the procession in some Samoan Catholic congregations. Some small steps--never large--or a turn around can be performed. [20] Without the glottal stop the term "nifooti" means "dead tooth" or "dead horn," and could not be misconstrued to mean "tooth of death. Oh and relax.. shake it out and loosen up lol.. oii and be a little bit flirty and build those leg muscles girl, cause holding urself on half bended knees for the entire dance is afu material.. Aww good luck with that!! Fiji - Meke In Fiji and New Zealand, more lively performances take place. Polynesian Dance. Modern tuiga headbands also stray from the original design and the use of real "fuiono" nautilus shells is almost obsolete, even in Samoa, where the headband replicas are now fashioned with non-traditional materials such as sequins, rhinestones, and common shells such as cowries. 28 Feb 2023 04:28:25 Some have wrongly translated the word "nifo'oti" as "tooth of death" although this has been shown to be linguistically and culturally inaccurate; the modern "nifo'oti" is based on the carved wooden warclub called the "anava." [17], Contemporary taualuga performances sometimes commence with choreographies involving a hooked bladed implement called the "nifo'oti." [3], Traditionally, the Taualuga is performed by the son or daughter of a chief. The traditional living quarters, or fale (houses), contain no walls and up to 20 people may sleep on the ground in the same fale. [18] Some have wrongly translated the word "nifo'oti" as "tooth of death" although this has been shown to be linguistically and culturally inaccurate; the modern "nifo'oti" is based on the carved wooden warclub called the "anava." The single hook or prong was reminiscent of a goat's horn (goats were introduced to Samoa at the same time as metal blades) and so the knives became known as "nifo'oti" ("nifo"= horn, "'oti" = goat). The "ailao" is performed before the actual taualuga as an exhibition of the dancer's skill, dexterity, grace, and coordination. A version of Siva Samoa, called Mak Sa'moa, is a popular traditional dance style in Western Samoa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JpGjCvRL_0&feature=player_embedded. Hawaii Hula. Anklets and armbands made of ti leaves, sea turtle shell ("uga laumei" or "uga fonu"), coconut shell, and/or boar's tusks adorned the dancer and the ensemble was completed with a necklace of cut whale's teeth ("ulalei") or boar's tusks ("ulanifo"). A unique feature of any Tongan dance, not found elsewhere in Polynesia, is the rotational movements of the hands and wrists in many of the haka. Just happened by your page here when i was looking for Penina o Tiafau songs, and lyrics for a wedding this weekend to play for the elder generation.but maaaan i know ive found more.have to add my 2 cents in; curves and swerves is a must in dancing that sivai well appreciate that fact now, and it shows well on that vid/clip.thx for the forum and keep on keepin on. Back in the old days, on top of being the daughter of a high chief, you also had to be unmarried and, um, virginal to perform this dance. This dance form has been adopted and adapted throughout western Polynesia, most notably in Samoa, The Kingdom of Tonga, Uvea, Futuna, and Tokelau. Rinathank youfor clarifying the diffrence. It requires the dancer to retain grace, movement of the arms & hands is done so in a subtle but delicate manner. While taupou and manaia did indeed dance and twirl war clubs ("anava") when leading processions or concluding performances this segment should not be misconstrued as a component of the taualuga. So anyway, most people will agree that the most gorgeous dance to come out of the Samoan culture would be the Taualuga, a graceful solo traditionally performed by a Taupou, or daughter of a high chief. The Samoan taualuga is known for its graceful refinement, subtle hand and facial gestures, and the stately poise of the dancers movements and postures. The renowned Tongan version is called the tau'olunga. Putting oil on her exposed skin parts so that they shine enhances her beauty even more in the Tongan mind. Siva Samoa is the Samoan term for a Samoan dance. The assistance of older women is usually limited to only handclaps on the rhythm of the music. But to this day, Samoan girls the world over (yes even us geek girls) are taught from a young age the timeless virtues of the Taualuga dance itself: Grace: A Taupou's movements are fluid, easy elegant and effortless. We have a carton full of eggs-cellent egg puns and jokes for you to enjoy! The last piece of the tuiga was the "ie'ula" (literally, "red dress") which consisted of strands of tiny red collared lory feathers. Wayne Luafalemana. Costuming may include headbands or headdresses, coconut shell or boar tusk necklaces, and brightly dyed feathers. This dance form has been adopted and adapted throughout western Polynesia, most notably in Samoa, The Kingdom of Tonga, Uvea, Futuna, and Tokelau. BUT, if you ever want to see the true grace of a taupou look up Miss American Samoa 2003 Lupe Ane Kenape Aumavae or go back to Verona Tapu Ah Ching, Miss Samoa 1997. The slap dance called fa'ataupati is performed by Samoan male. It is also rare to see a man perform the dance, but he can mimic the dancing girl's movements in an exaggerated manner to make her beauty more striking by comparison. "[4] However, Taupou in certain districts consist of important individual female names or titles under Samoa's traditional social hierarchy and form of governance, the Fa'amatai chiefly system. More like this. Some of the female guests will wear a muumuus which is a loose and brightly coloured dress with a tropical Samoan floral pattern. The traditional culture of Samoa is a communal way of life based on Fa'a Samoa, the unique socio-political culture. Sports Samoan cricket called kilikiti and rugby union are the two most popular sports played in Samoa. From the sacred to the slap-happy, take a tour of some of Samoa's most famous choreography. Singers, directed by a conductor known as "fuataimi" or "fa'aluma," generally sat in rows or concentric semicircles around the dance area. [1] The renowned Tongan version is called the tau'olunga. [19] The single hook or prong was reminiscent of a goat's horn (goats were introduced to Samoa at the same time as metal blades) and so the knives became known as "nifo'oti" ("nifo"= horn, "'oti" = goat).

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